US Virgin Islands Moves Closer to Drafting Its First Constitution

The U.S. Virgin Islands is making strides toward drafting its first constitution, a document that could redefine the territory’s government, rights, and the limits of local power. The territory currently operates under the Revised Organic Act of 1954, a federal law passed by Congress that outlines the basic structure of its government. However, much of daily life in the Virgin Islands is shaped by federal laws applicable to territories and local laws passed by the VI Legislature, provided they do not conflict with federal law or the Organic Act.

Unlike U.S. states, the Virgin Islands lacks a constitution written by its own people. The Sixth Constitutional Convention is working to change that by creating a governing document that embodies accountability and responsibility. On June 21st, the convention’s Committee on Government Structure convened for five hours at Cleone Creque Legislative Hall on St. John. Chaired by Rupert Ross and Vice-Chaired by Imani Daniel, the committee debated sixteen subsections of Article V of the draft constitution, which focuses on the Legislature. The Virgin Islands Legislature currently has four times more senators per person than any U.S. state.

Key issues discussed included the number of senators the territory should have, the potential for at-large seats, the implementation of term limits, and whether political parties should face new restrictions. Vice-Chair Daniel expressed skepticism about reaching a consensus within the committee, stating, “I don’t think this committee is going to come to a consensus. I think this is going to go to plenary.” The plenary session, where the full convention will vote, is expected to take place in July.

If the convention reaches an agreement, the draft constitution will face a rigorous approval process. It must first be approved by Virgin Islands voters at the polls, then by Congress, and finally by the President. If successful, the new constitution would replace the Organic Act as the primary governing document for the territory. However, it would not grant independence from federal law, as the Virgin Islands would remain a U.S. territory under Congress’s ultimate authority.

Former government officials, including past Senate presidents, emphasized the importance of voter approval, stating, “If we don’t get the vote, you don’t get the document you want.” The convention is also encouraging public input, urging residents to share their vision for the future of the Government of the Virgin Islands (GVI).

The next committee session will focus on the executive branch and is scheduled to take place on St. John. As with previous sessions, it will be open to the public.

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